Measurement invariance across groups

Knowledge package outline

Topic

Experimentation scientific reasoning and research methods

Purpose

Makes comparisons conditional on whether a scale functions comparably rather than assuming identical item wording is enough.

Package contents

Configural, loading and intercept constraint diagrams; synthetic item-response comparisons; partial-invariance and model-fit caveats; nonsignificance is not proof examples.

Dependencies

Latent-variable models; covariance; qualified psychometric review; no diagnosis or group ranking.